All electronic equipment, devices help us to carry out our daily work very comfortably. It is possible to see electronic devices at different prices in the market every day. One of the reasons for the price difference here is the durability and proper operation of the device. It mainly depends on how the device's internal circuit can handle extreme voltage fluctuations. If the device receives an excessive current at the input voltage, this will damage the device, as an overvoltage in the supply voltage may damage the device.
What is overcurrent protection?
Current can rise due to voltage imbalance, radio interference, interference in transformers and potential differences. Fluctuation can be defined as a sudden change in voltage, current or power in a circuit. In general, the standard voltage level supplied to homes by power plants varies from one country to another. The standard voltage level in India is 220V-230V, and in the United States it is 120V. Due to several problems, the supply voltage may suddenly exceed the standard value. The mains filter is also called a voltage limiter.
If the sudden increase in voltage lasts for 3 or more nanoseconds, it is called "high".
If the sudden tension lasts for a second or two, it is called a "leap".
Operation of the overvoltage protection device:
The importance of voltage protection devices (SPD) is to prevent voltage surges. This device must perform two functions to protect electronic devices. They are shown in the diagram below.
It should limit the ripple voltage in terms of amplitude. Thus, the voltage of electrical devices will not exceed it.
It must reduce the voltage to a minimum without damaging the equipment.
The need for this device or surge suppressor is to prevent sudden changes in AC voltage, unlike the standard voltage level. Surge protection devices are useful to prevent the effects of surges. These devices transmit voltage from ports to devices via power lines. If surge occurs, this surge suppressor transmits additional voltage to the ground wire.
Function of overvoltage protection device:
The voltage protection device has three main components: a voltage sensor, a controller and locks and an open circuit. The voltage sensor monitors the line voltage and the controller reads the voltage level and decides whether it maintains the standard voltage level. If there is any difference, then it can be resolved by locking and locking circuit. There is another type of surge protector with built-in electronic devices for safety. They are widely used in electronic devices to prevent damage caused by surges. These devices are used in power supply devices in switching mode. The above surge protection device is a widely used device in power supply in switching mode. The overvoltage protection device has three surge protection lines. The surge protector 1 along the AC Line 1 and AC Line 2 is called Differential Mode Wave Prevention. The surge protector 2 and the surge protector 3 are called common-mode surge protection. Differential mode surge protection is established between the two wires. This differential surge protection part suppresses any voltage surges between AC lines 1 and 2. Both the surge protector 2 and the surge protector 3 compress the voltage transfer across the hot wire. From this device, surge protector 1 prevents voltage surges, and surge protector 2 and surge protector 3 are useful during strong voltage surges.
Circuit diagram:
The figure below shows the circuit diagram of the surge protection device. This device transmits electricity from ports to electronic devices. If any surges or voltages occur, they can be transmitted to the ground lines with the help of MOV. It is an integral part of the SPD and plays an important role in transmitting the ripple voltage to the ground wire. MOV is known as metal oxide varistor.
This is the connection between the hotline and the overhead line. G1 and G2 are gas discharge pipes. The circuit diagram of the simplified surge protection device above shows the common mode surge voltage between L-PE and N-PE. And these can be limited to M1-G1 and M2-G2 and G1-G2. Differential voltage is generated between L-N and is limited to M1-M2.
Different types:
These devices are classified into two different types according to the type of connection and voltage. Between these two types of active conductors, a type of SPD is combined. And another type of SPD connects between the shield and the conductor.
Compression of voltage:
This feature indicates the voltage at which it can conduct electricity to the ground. If the compression voltage level is 300V, it can prevent the device from reaching this level. If the input voltage level to this SPD device is more than 300V, this particular SPD will not work. Thus, higher compression voltages are always best for surge protection devices.
Energy absorption:
This value is given in the form of Joule. And this value indicates how much power this SPD device can receive.
Indicator light:
This light helps to find out if all the components of the device are working. With this flash of light, we can assess the operating condition of the surge protector.
Applications of overvoltage protection device:
Every year, many electronic devices are damaged due to transient voltages. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent it with surge protection devices.
They are used in electrical installation systems as protection against them. They will prevent fluctuations.
Used in lighting systems and distribution boards.
These devices are very useful in data applications, such as protecting equipment connected to data lines.
The product is widely used and important in major companies.
It is used in all electronic devices for greater durability.
Particularly useful for very low voltage devices operating in the 3-48V range.
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