Electrical equipment used both in industry and in everyday life is extremely sensitive to voltage surges. Overvoltage can lead to failure of household appliances, damage to industrial equipment, and even fire in the event of insulation breakdown. Low voltage can also cause serious damage, causing damage to appliances and electric motors. To prevent such situations, voltage stabilizers are used. These devices are designed to supply constant fixed voltage to the network. The stabilizer smooths out voltage surges in a wide range at the input, depending on the situation, lowering or increasing it to a predetermined value. Stabilizers can act as additional means of protecting the network from overloads and short circuits. If they provide the appropriate functionality, the devices will disconnect the load when the voltage values go beyond the operating range or a short circuit occurs. With a built-in varistor, the stabilizer will also be able to protect against surges. The main characteristics of the stabilizer are rated power, operating range of input voltage, and output voltage. For the correct selection of the device, you need to clarify the parameters of a specific electrical network - the phase of the network and the total power of the connected equipment.
For an apartment or a country house, you need to add up the power values of all household electrical appliances based on the fact that they all work at the same time. In addition, when choosing a stabilizer, it will be necessary to decide whether it requires additional protection against overloads, short circuits, and surges.
There are three types of stabilizers:
Electromechanical
Thyristor
Relay
Relay devices are more profitable than other types in terms of price. Their other advantage is fast switching in case of voltage drops. These stabilizers are used in networks with frequent and sudden voltage surges for mixed loads. They are more reliable than electromechanical devices, although they can lose to them in the accuracy of settings.
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